.net面试常见算法题
2024-09-20
16
以下是一些常见的 .NET 面试算法题,这些问题涵盖了不同难度级别,可以帮助你准备面试时的算法部分:
反转字符串
题目:编写一个函数,将输入的字符串反转过来。
public string ReverseString(string s) {
char[] charArray = s.ToCharArray();
Array.Reverse(charArray);
return new string(charArray);
}
判断回文字符串
题目:编写一个函数,判断一个给定的字符串是否是回文字符串(正着读和反着读都一样)。
public bool IsPalindrome(string s) {
s = Regex.Replace(s, "[^a-zA-Z0-9]", "").ToLower();
return s == new string(s.Reverse().ToArray());
}
找出两个数组的交集
题目:给定两个整数数组,编写一个函数来计算它们的交集。
public static int[] FindIntersection(int[] nums1, int[] nums2)
{
HashSet<int> set = new HashSet<int>();
List<int> intersection = new List<int>();
foreach (int num in nums1)
{
set.Add(num);
}
foreach (int num in nums2)
{
if (set.Contains(num))
{
intersection.Add(num);
set.Remove(num); // To avoid duplicates in the result
}
}
return intersection.ToArray();
}
判断是否是有效的括号序列
题目:给定一个只包括 '('、')'、'{'、'}'、'[' 和 ']' 的字符串,编写一个函数来判断字符串是否有效。
public static bool IsValid(string s)
{
Stack<char> stack = new Stack<char>();
foreach (char c in s)
{
if (c == '(' || c == '[' || c == '{')
{
stack.Push(c);
}
else if (c == ')' && (stack.Count == 0 || stack.Pop() != '('))
{
return false;
}
else if (c == ']' && (stack.Count == 0 || stack.Pop() != '['))
{
return false;
}
else if (c == '}' && (stack.Count == 0 || stack.Pop() != '{'))
{
return false;
}
}
return stack.Count == 0;
}
两数之和
题目:给定一个整数数组 nums 和一个目标值 target,在数组中找出和为目标值的两个数的索引。
public int[] TwoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
Dictionary<int, int> map = new Dictionary<int, int>();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {
int complement = target - nums[i];
if (map.ContainsKey(complement)) {
return new int[] { map[complement], i };
}
map[nums[i]] = i;
}
throw new ArgumentException("No two sum solution");
}
最大子序和
题目:给定一个整数数组 nums,找到一个具有最大和的连续子数组(子数组最少包含一个元素)。
public static int MaxSubArray(int[] nums)
{
if (nums.Length == 0) return 0;
int maxSum = nums[0];
int currentSum = nums[0];
for (int i = 1; i < nums.Length; i++)
{
currentSum = Math.Max(nums[i], currentSum + nums[i]);
maxSum = Math.Max(maxSum, currentSum);
}
return maxSum;
}
判断链表是否有环
题目:给定一个链表,判断链表中是否有环。
public class ListNode
{
public int val;
public ListNode next;
public ListNode(int val = 0)
{
this.val = val;
this.next = null;
}
}
public class LinkedListCycleChecker
{
public static bool HasCycle(ListNode head)
{
if (head == null || head.next == null)
return false;
ListNode slow = head;
ListNode fast = head.next;
while (slow != fast)
{
if (fast == null || fast.next == null)
return false;
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next.next;
}
return true;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ListNode head1 = new ListNode(3);
head1.next = new ListNode(2);
head1.next.next = new ListNode(0);
head1.next.next.next = new ListNode(-4);
head1.next.next.next.next = head1.next; // Create a cycle
ListNode head2 = new ListNode(1);
head2.next = new ListNode(2);
head2.next.next = head2; // Create a cycle
Console.WriteLine(LinkedListCycleChecker.HasCycle(head1)); // true
Console.WriteLine(LinkedListCycleChecker.HasCycle(head2)); // true
}
}
合并两个有序链表
题目:将两个有序链表合并为一个新的有序链表。
public class ListNode
{
public int val;
public ListNode next;
public ListNode(int val = 0)
{
this.val = val;
this.next = null;
}
}
public class MergeSortedLists
{
public static ListNode Merge(ListNode l1, ListNode l2)
{
ListNode dummy = new ListNode(-1);
ListNode current = dummy;
while (l1 != null && l2 != null)
{
if (l1.val < l2.val)
{
current.next = l1;
l1 = l1.next;
}
else
{
current.next = l2;
l2 = l2.next;
}
current = current.next;
}
if (l1 != null)
current.next = l1;
if (l2 != null)
current.next = l2;
return dummy.next;
}
}
搜索旋转排序数组
题目:假设按照升序排序的数组在预先未知的某个点上进行了旋转。编写一个函数来搜索 target。
public static int Search(int[] nums, int target)
{
int left = 0;
int right = nums.Length - 1;
while (left <= right)
{
int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
if (nums[mid] == target)
return mid;
if (nums[left] <= nums[mid])
{
if (nums[left] <= target && target < nums[mid])
right = mid - 1;
else
left = mid + 1;
}
else
{
if (nums[mid] < target && target <= nums[right])
left = mid + 1;
else
right = mid - 1;
}
}
return -1;
}
二叉树的最大深度
题目:给定一个二叉树,找出其最大深度。
public class TreeNode
{
public int val;
public TreeNode left;
public TreeNode right;
public TreeNode(int val = 0, TreeNode left = null, TreeNode right = null)
{
this.val = val;
this.left = left;
this.right = right;
}
}
public class MaxDepthFinder
{
public static int MaxDepth(TreeNode root)
{
if (root == null)
return 0;
int leftDepth = MaxDepth(root.left);
int rightDepth = MaxDepth(root.right);
return Math.Max(leftDepth, rightDepth) + 1;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(3);
root.left = new TreeNode(9);
root.right = new TreeNode(20);
root.right.left = new TreeNode(15);
root.right.right = new TreeNode(7);
Console.WriteLine(MaxDepthFinder.MaxDepth(root)); // 3
}
}
有效的括号组合数
题目:给定一个只包含字符 '(' 和 ')' 的字符串,编写一个函数来生成所有可能的有效括号组合。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class ParenthesesGenerator
{
public static IList<string> GenerateParentheses(int n)
{
List<string> result = new List<string>();
GenerateParenthesesHelper(result, "", n, n);
return result;
}
private static void GenerateParenthesesHelper(List<string> result, string current, int leftRemaining, int rightRemaining)
{
if (leftRemaining == 0 && rightRemaining == 0)
{
result.Add(current);
return;
}
if (leftRemaining > 0)
GenerateParenthesesHelper(result, current + "(", leftRemaining - 1, rightRemaining);
if (rightRemaining > leftRemaining)
GenerateParenthesesHelper(result, current + ")", leftRemaining, rightRemaining - 1);
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int n = 3;
IList<string> combinations = ParenthesesGenerator.GenerateParentheses(n);
foreach (string combination in combinations)
{
Console.WriteLine(combination);
}
}
}
全排列
题目:给定一个没有重复数字的序列,返回其所有可能的全排列。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
public class PermutationsGenerator
{
public static IList<IList<int>> Permute(int[] nums)
{
List<IList<int>> result = new List<IList<int>>();
PermuteHelper(result, new List<int>(), nums);
return result;
}
private static void PermuteHelper(List<IList<int>> result, List<int> current, int[] nums)
{
if (current.Count == nums.Length)
{
result.Add(new List<int>(current));
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
{
if (current.Contains(nums[i]))
continue;
current.Add(nums[i]);
PermuteHelper(result, current, nums);
current.RemoveAt(current.Count - 1);
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3 };
IList<IList<int>> permutations = PermutationsGenerator.Permute(nums);
foreach (var permutation in permutations)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", permutation));
}
}
}
二叉树的最近公共祖先
题目:给定一个二叉树,找到该树中两个指定节点的最近公共祖先。
using System;
public class TreeNode
{
public int val;
public TreeNode left;
public TreeNode right;
public TreeNode(int val = 0, TreeNode left = null, TreeNode right = null)
{
this.val = val;
this.left = left;
this.right = right;
}
}
public class LowestCommonAncestorFinder
{
public static TreeNode LowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q)
{
if (root == null || root == p || root == q)
return root;
TreeNode left = LowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q);
TreeNode right = LowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q);
if (left != null && right != null)
return root;
return left != null ? left : right;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(3);
root.left = new TreeNode(5);
root.right = new TreeNode(1);
root.left.left = new TreeNode(6);
root.left.right = new TreeNode(2);
root.right.left = new TreeNode(0);
root.right.right = new TreeNode(8);
root.left.right.left = new TreeNode(7);
root.left.right.right = new TreeNode(4);
TreeNode p = root.left;
TreeNode q = root.right;
TreeNode ancestor = LowestCommonAncestorFinder.LowestCommonAncestor(root, p, q);
Console.WriteLine("Lowest Common Ancestor: " + ancestor.val); // 3
}
}
零钱兑换
题目:给定不同面额的硬币 coins 和一个总金额 amount,编写一个函数来计算可以凑成总金额所需的最少的硬币个数。
using System;
public class CoinChangeCalculator
{
public static int CoinChange(int[] coins, int amount)
{
int[] dp = new int[amount + 1];
for (int i = 1; i <= amount; i++)
{
dp[i] = amount + 1; // Initialize to a value larger than amount
foreach (int coin in coins)
{
if (i >= coin)
dp[i] = Math.Min(dp[i], dp[i - coin] + 1);
}
}
return dp[amount] > amount ? -1 : dp[amount];
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] coins = { 1, 2, 5 };
int amount1 = 11;
int amount2 = 3;
Console.WriteLine(CoinChangeCalculator.CoinChange(coins, amount1)); // 3
Console.WriteLine(CoinChangeCalculator.CoinChange(coins, amount2)); // -1
}
}
字符串转整数
题目:实现 atoi 函数,将字符串转为整数。
using System;
public class StringToIntegerConverter
{
public static int Atoi(string str)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(str))
return 0;
int index = 0;
int sign = 1;
int result = 0;
// Skip leading spaces
while (index < str.Length && str[index] == ' ')
index++;
// Check for sign
if (index < str.Length && (str[index] == '+' || str[index] == '-'))
{
sign = (str[index] == '-') ? -1 : 1;
index++;
}
// Convert digits
while (index < str.Length && char.IsDigit(str[index]))
{
int digit = str[index] - '0';
if (result > int.MaxValue / 10 || (result == int.MaxValue / 10 && digit > 7))
return (sign == 1) ? int.MaxValue : int.MinValue;
result = result * 10 + digit;
index++;
}
return result * sign;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string str1 = "42";
string str2 = " -42";
string str3 = "4193 with words";
string str4 = "words and 987";
string str5 = "-91283472332";
Console.WriteLine(StringToIntegerConverter.Atoi(str1)); // 42
Console.WriteLine(StringToIntegerConverter.Atoi(str2)); // -42
Console.WriteLine(StringToIntegerConverter.Atoi(str3)); // 4193
Console.WriteLine(StringToIntegerConverter.Atoi(str4)); // 0
Console.WriteLine(StringToIntegerConverter.Atoi(str5)); // -2147483648
}
}
这些题目旨在帮助你练习不同类型的算法问题,从而在面试中展示你的问题解决能力和编程技巧。请在准备面试时深入理解每个问题,并尝试用 .NET 编写出解决方案。
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